# Brooklyn, Kings County, New York in the 1960s

> A dense subway-and-bus Brooklyn neighborhood was losing old certainties while civil rights, immigration, preservation, and school power remade daily life.

- Place: Brooklyn, Kings County, New York (40.650, -73.950)
- Years: 1960 to 1969
- Known then as: Flatbush, Brooklyn
- Page: https://yorehistory.com/place/brooklyn-kings-county-new-york/1960s
- Step into it (interactive): https://yorehistory.com/?step=Brooklyn%2C%20Kings%20County%2C%20New%20York%2C%20United%20States%20of%20America&at=40.6501,-73.9496&year=1965

## Looking around

Stand near Church and Flatbush Avenues and turn slowly. The old Flatbush Reformed Dutch Church[5][7] faces the long buildings of Erasmus Hall High School[5][6], both now treated as landmarks of an older village inside the city. Along Church Avenue, shops and storefronts[3][4] carry the work of errands, repair, school, and commuting. A short ride north, Ebbets Field is gone[8][9], replaced by apartment towers and memory. Underfoot and nearby, the Church Avenue subway stations[10][11] pull people toward Manhattan, Downtown Brooklyn, Coney Island, and the rest of the borough. Around the blocks are row houses, small apartment buildings, schools, churches, libraries, and traffic. This is still heavily white ethnic and Jewish in many streets, but Black New Yorkers and Caribbean immigrants are increasingly part of central Brooklyn[12][13][14], and the decade’s arguments over race, schools, policing, housing, and who controls the city are close at hand.

## Work: Shops, trains, city jobs

The visible workday runs through Church and Flatbush Avenue stores[3][4], schools, libraries, transit, repair shops, offices, and commutes. Many people leave by subway from Church Avenue[10][11] for jobs elsewhere in Brooklyn or Manhattan.

## Faith: Old church, many congregations

The old Dutch center is still visible at Flatbush Reformed Protestant Dutch Church[5][7]. Flatbush is also part of Brooklyn’s larger “City of Churches” pattern, with faith buildings marking blocks and calendars.

## Law & power: City Hall and school boards

Power comes from New York City agencies, the Board of Education, police precincts, transit authorities, landlords, and courts. The nearby Ocean Hill–Brownsville school crisis[21] makes school control one of the decade’s sharpest public questions.

## In the air: Race, memory, preservation

People argue over civil rights, policing, integration, community control, immigration, and what the city should save. The 1965 landmarks law and early Flatbush landmark designations[24] turn old buildings into civic claims.

## What people feared: Police, traffic, unrest

Daily dangers include street traffic, subway platforms, apartment fires, illness, and crime. Borough fear and anger sharpen after the 1964 unrest reached Bedford-Stuyvesant[22][23].

## Home & table: Dense blocks, growing needs

Homes are in a dense urban neighborhood rather than a village, but block-level house descriptions are not confirmed here. Public services are strained: East Flatbush Library was enlarged in 1961[19] and still outgrew its space.

## Money: Nickels still mattered

A subway or bus ride costs 15 cents until July 1966, then 20 cents[16][17]. For low-wage covered workers, the state minimum wage reached $1.25 an hour in 1964[18], though local rents and grocery prices for these blocks are not documented in the opened sources.

## Who lived here: Old Brooklyn, new Caribbean

The borough is enormous, with more than 2.6 million people[1][2]. In central Brooklyn, Caribbean immigrants and Black New Yorkers are increasingly shaping Flatbush and East Flatbush[12][13][14] by the late 1960s.

## Year by year

- **1960** (nearby): Ebbets Field was demolished on February 23, ending the physical presence of the Dodgers’ old ballpark in Brooklyn.[8][9]
- **1961** (here): East Flatbush Library was enlarged to 6,400 square feet, but demand still exceeded the building.[19]
- **1964** (nearby): Unrest after the police shooting of James Powell spread from Harlem into Bedford-Stuyvesant, making police power and race a Brooklyn-wide issue.[22][23]
- **1965** (the country): The Immigration and Nationality Act changed federal immigration rules and helped open the way for later Caribbean migration into Flatbush and East Flatbush.[12][13][14]
- **1965** (here): New York City enacted the Landmarks Law, giving old buildings in neighborhoods like Flatbush a new legal meaning.[24]
- **1966** (here): Erasmus Hall Academy and the Flatbush Reformed Dutch Church were designated New York City landmarks.[5][6]
- **1966** (here): The basic New York City subway and bus fare rose from 15 cents to 20 cents in July.[16][17]
- **1968** (nearby): Three citywide teachers’ strikes grew out of the Ocean Hill–Brownsville community-control fight and closed schools across New York City.[21]

## What the sources say

- Brooklyn borough, coterminous with Kings County, had 2,627,375 residents in the 1960 federal census and 2,602,012 in the 1970 census, so the decade brought slight population loss after a postwar peak. (from the sources)[1][2]
- Flatbush Avenue and Church Avenue formed one of Brooklyn’s major neighborhood shopping districts, with Church Avenue, Flatbush Avenue, Rogers Avenue, Nostrand Avenue, and Caton Avenue later identified as the core Flatbush commercial corridors. (from the sources)[3][4]
- The map point lies in central Brooklyn near Flatbush and East Flatbush, south and east of Prospect Park rather than in downtown Brooklyn or the waterfront districts. (inferred)
- Erasmus Hall High School stood at 899–925 Flatbush Avenue between Church and Snyder Avenues, and its old Academy building was designated a New York City landmark on March 15, 1966. (from the sources)[5][6]
- The Flatbush Reformed Protestant Dutch Church complex stood at 890 Flatbush Avenue, at the old village center, and was designated a New York City landmark in 1966. (from the sources)[5][7]
- Ebbets Field, about two miles north near Bedford Avenue and Sullivan Place, had lost the Dodgers after the 1957 season and was demolished on February 23, 1960. (from the sources)[8][9]
- The former Ebbets Field site was redeveloped as the Ebbets Field Apartments, a large housing complex built after the ballpark’s demolition. (from the sources)[9]
- Flatbush was served by both the BMT Brighton Line at Church Avenue near East 18th Street and the IRT Nostrand Avenue Line at Church and Nostrand Avenues. (from the sources)[10][11]
- During 1964–1965 the Church Avenue Brighton Line platforms were lengthened to handle longer subway trains. (from the sources)[10]
- Flatbush and East Flatbush became important destinations for Caribbean immigrants during the late 1960s and 1970s, especially after the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. (from the sources)[12][13][14]
- Across central Brooklyn, the Black population was growing rapidly: one CUNY summary gives Kings County’s African American population as about 370,000 in 1960 and 650,000 in 1970. (from the sources)[15]
- As across New York City, the basic subway and bus fare was 15 cents until July 1966, when it rose to 20 cents. (from the sources)[16][17]
- New York State minimum wage rates varied by industry early in the decade; one state summary lists general increases to $1.15 on October 15, 1962 and $1.25 on October 15, 1964 for covered workers. (from the sources)[18]
- The East Flatbush Library building was enlarged to 6,400 square feet in 1961, but the Brooklyn Public Library says it was still not large enough for the growing community. (from the sources)[19]
- The Flatbush branch of Brooklyn Public Library used temporary quarters on Church Avenue from March 1966 to February 1969. (from the sources)[20]
- The Ocean Hill–Brownsville school conflict of 1968, not in Flatbush but within Brooklyn, produced three citywide teachers’ strikes affecting nearly 57,000 teachers and more than a million students. (from the sources)[21]
- The 1964 Harlem unrest spread to Bedford-Stuyvesant in central Brooklyn after the police shooting of 15-year-old James Powell, making policing and race a borough-wide subject of fear and argument. (from the sources)[22][23]
- New York City’s Landmarks Law was enacted in 1965, and its early designations made preservation a visible question in old Flatbush blocks. (from the sources)[24]
- No online source opened here gives a block-by-block 1960s description of houses exactly at latitude 40.650, longitude -73.950, so housing details must be kept at the neighborhood scale. (not known)
- No opened source gives ordinary Flatbush grocery prices, rents, or wages specific to these blocks in the 1960s. (not known)

## Sources

1. 1960 Census of Population, Volume I: Characteristics of the Population. U.S. Census Bureau, 1960. https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1960/population-volume-1/vol-01-01-g.pdf
2. Brooklyn Borough, Kings County: U.S. Census Gazetteer. ADK Reports. https://adkreports.org/protect/census/3604710022.htm
3. The Long View: The Evolution of Flatbush. Vital City, 2023. https://www.vitalcitynyc.org/the-evolution-of-flatbush/
4. Flatbush Commercial District Needs Assessment. NYC Department of Small Business Services, 2022. https://www.nyc.gov/assets/sbs/downloads/pdf/neighborhoods/avenyc-cdna-flatbush.pdf
5. Erasmus Hall High School Designation Report. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, 2003. https://www.nyc.gov/assets/hpd/downloads/pdfs/services/landmarks-preservation-committee-designation-2007.pdf
6. Erasmus Academy Building. New York Landmarks Conservancy. https://nylandmarks.org/celebrate-50-at-50/erasmus-academy-building/
7. The Dutch Reformed Church: OG Flatbush Landmark. Flatbush History, 2019. https://flatbushhistory.com/articles/dutch-reformed-church
8. Ebbets Field. Baseball-Reference Bullpen. https://www.baseball-reference.com/bullpen/Ebbets_Field
9. New York Baseball History. SABR New York, 2019. https://sabrnyc.org/NYBaseball.pdf
10. Church Avenue Station (BMT Brighton Line). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_Avenue_station_(BMT_Brighton_Line)
11. Church Avenue Station (IRT Nostrand Avenue Line). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_Avenue_station_(IRT_Nostrand_Avenue_Line)
12. Crown Heights North III Historic District Designation Report. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, 2015. https://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2647.pdf
13. Mapping Inequality: Brooklyn Context. University of Richmond Digital Scholarship Lab. https://dsl.richmond.edu/panorama/redlining/map/NY/Brooklyn/context
14. Flatbush Avenue BID Expansion Report. New York City Department of City Planning, 2023. https://www.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/about/cpc/230160.pdf
15. African American Population and the Great Migration. Queens College, CUNY, 2020. https://www.qc.cuny.edu/academics/academic-senate/wp-content/uploads/sites/126/2022/05/Great-Migration-presentation-11.12.2020.pdf
16. New York City Transit Fares. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_transit_fares
17. Effect of the Fare Increase of July 1966 on the New York City Transit System. Highway Research Record, 1968. https://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/hrr/1968/213/213-001.pdf
18. History of Minimum Wage in New York. New York State Senate. https://www.nysenate.gov/sites/default/files/articles/attachments/BARCA.pdf
19. East Flatbush Library History. Brooklyn Public Library. https://www.bklynlibrary.org/locations/east-flatbush/history
20. Flatbush Temporary Quarters, March 1966–February 1969. Brooklyn Public Library Digital Collections, 1966. https://www.bklynlibrary.org/digitalcollections/item/1be574ef-9ca8-4c96-ad7e-57c9f3c26bb9
21. The Ocean Hill-Brownsville Strikes (1968): The Real Story, in Primary Sources. New York Explained. https://newyorkexplained.com/history/crisis-reinvention/ocean-hill-brownsville/
22. Bedford-Stuyvesant. The New Yorker, 1964. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1964/08/01/bedford-stuyvesant
23. Outside Agitators: Conspiracy Theory and the Harlem and Bedford-Stuyvesant Riots of 1964. Gotham Center for New York City History, 2014. https://www.gothamcenter.org/blog/outside-agitators-conspiracy-theory-and-the-harlem-and-bedford-stuyvesant-riots-of-1964
24. New York City Landmarks Law. New York Preservation Archive Project. https://www.nypap.org/preservation-history/new-york-city-landmarks-law/

## Nearby, about the same time

- [New York in the 1930s](https://yorehistory.com/place/new-york-new-york-county-new-york/1930s/md) (9 km)
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- [Fanwood, Union County, New Jersey in the 1960s](https://yorehistory.com/place/fanwood-union-county-new-jersey/1960s/md) (37 km)
- [Rye, Westchester County, New York in the 1960s](https://yorehistory.com/place/rye-westchester-county-new-york/1960s/md) (43 km)
- [Old Greenwich, Western Connecticut Planning Region, Connecticut in the 1990s](https://yorehistory.com/place/old-greenwich-western-connecticut-planning-region-connecticut/1990s/md) (53 km)
- [Princeton, New Jersey in the 1930s](https://yorehistory.com/place/princeton-new-jersey/1930s/md) (69 km)
- [Wilton, Connecticut in the 1990s](https://yorehistory.com/place/wilton-connecticut/1990s/md) (74 km)
- [Newtown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania in the 1950s](https://yorehistory.com/place/newtown-bucks-county-pennsylvania/1950s/md) (96 km)

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Researched by Yore's AI historian (gpt-5.5) on 2026-10-12 from the sources listed. It is about the place and the time, not about any person. Statements marked "inferred" are conclusions, not records. Cite as: Yore, "Brooklyn, Kings County, New York in the 1960s", https://yorehistory.com/place/brooklyn-kings-county-new-york/1960s